How Do Customer Relationships Give Companies A Competitive...

1. How do customer relationships give companies a competitive edge? (20%) Losing a customer means a lot more than losing a sale, it means losing the entire future stream of purchases that the customer would make over a lifetime of patronage. There are a number of reasons why a customer may stop buying from a company; very often though that reason is linked to poor customer service as opposed to something inherently wrong with the brand itself. Customer relationships give companies a competitive edge based on the merit that if consumers are happy more often than not those consumers will continue to do business with said company. A recent study conducted by TD Canada’s customer loyalty poll asked consumers which form of appreciation are†¦show more content†¦(20%) The business portfolio analysis uses quantified performance measures and market growth to analyze a firm’s strategic business units as though they were a collection of separate investments. The BCG advises clients to locate the position of each of its SBUs on a growth share matrix. The vertical axis is the market growth rate, which is the annual rate of growth of the specific market or industry in which a given SBU is competing. The horizontal axis is the relative market share, defined as the sales of the SBU divided by the sales of the largest firm in the industry. Each of the quadrants are given a specific name and description based on the amount of cash they generate. Cash cows; are SBUs that typically generate large amounts of cash, far more than they can invest profitability in their own product line. They have a dominant share of slow-growth market and provide cash to pay large amounts of company overhead and to invest in other SBUs. Stars; are SBUs with a high share of high-growth markets that mat need extra cash to finance their own rapid future growth. When their growth slows, they are likely to become cash cows. Question marks or problem children; are SBUs with a low share of high growth markets. They require large injections of cash just to maintain theirShow MoreRelatedHow Do Customer Relationships Give Companies A Competitive Edge? Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1: How do customer relationships give companies a competitive edge? Through sustaining the customer relationships, leaders of the company have realized that â€Å"becoming nearer to the consumer† is vital for the progression. Together consumers and buyers of the trade have extra options through authorization from mobile and online channels that create more options to purchase, get and give suggestions, and converse back with the companies. Currently consumers freely turn away from any wellRead MoreFahad1373 Words   |  6 Pagesand e-commerce applications to gain a competitive advantage in an important market for your company. What reservations might you have about doing so? Why? As a manager you are responsible to be aware of these emerging technologies and new ways of conducting business in the new economy. Of course, if the manager is familiar with the concepts of developing an e-business or e-commerce application they certainly will have personal reservations in what to do. If the manager is not familiar withRead MoreThe Case Analysis for Clean Edge Razo Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case Analysis for Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Marketing Management MBA 812 B Jihang Yang (Elvis) September 27, 2012 Executive Summary Paramount’s newest nondisposable razor, Clean Edge, which from Paramount Health and Beauty Company injected a drop of new blood for the company. They feel very encouraging for the new product, because it gives the user a very great and all new feeling. And also it will be a competitive product in the razor marketing. ItRead MoreNetflix Inc Case Study1568 Words   |  7 Pagesan entertainment industry that provides millions of customers with a streaming service to television shows and movies. â€Å"Netflix was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Los Gatos, California† (Hosch). In the late 1990’s, Netflix started to offer an online subscription service through the Internet, which changed the way we viewed movies and shows. In the mid 2000’s, Netflix mailed DVDs to their subscribers, and once the customer was done watching they would mail it back to NetflixRead MoreEssay On E-Business1392 Words   |  6 Pages Line of Business TeesforPeeps is a up and coming e-commerce business which allows people to design t-shirts per what they want. The main office will be located in Melbourne, Australia. With the latest in cutting edge technology and using the process of computer dye sublimation, you will have the opportunity to design your t-shirts to your liking. Here at TeesforPeeps, we believe that designing your t-shirts is a type of art and expression, whether it may be for sports, conventions, family or evenRead MoreConnecting With Consumers - Disney1555 Words   |  7 Pages Connecting with consumers - Disney Introduction Disney a name which brings smile on the faces of people of all ages, Walt Disney most commonly known as Disney is one of the world’s largest multinational media and Entertainment Company with its headquarter in Walt Disney studios, Burbank, California, United states. Walt Disney was founded as a cartoon studio on October 16, 1923 by two brothers Walt and Roy Disney. (10-K, Walt Disney) Current CEO and chairman of Walt Disney is RobertRead MoreGlobal Business Environment1489 Words   |  6 Pagesput in place in order to increase performance of the company (2013). When the strategies lead to a superior performance of a company relative to its competitors, then the company is said to be at a competitive advantage. This is a case study of Federal Express, in the small package express delivery industry. It analyzes the company’s value creation frontier and the necessary building blocks of competitive advantage are necessary for the company to maintain above average profitability. This paper determinesRead MoreDefinition Of Competitive Intelligence ( Ci )1135 Words   |  5 Pages1. Definition of Competitive Intelligence (CI). CI is ‘the collection of information, internal, external and from competitors, but also from customers, suppliers, technologies, environments, and potential business to provide early warning and help to predict the moves of competitors, customers, and governments’ (Calof and Wright, 2008, p. 723; Gilad, 1996). Competitive Intelligence is the process of collecting, analyzing, and distributing actionable intelligence about customers, producer, suppliersRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Identifying and Differentiate Individual Customers Most companies still cling to a product-centric view even today, basing their business strategies on revenue and their products or services instead of their existing or potential customers. In other words, companies focused on selling as many products as they could, with no regard for who was buying them and why. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) today has changed the way companies view from looking to not only improve their revenue and compensationRead MoreStrategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business1108 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic direction. Followed by an evaluation of customers need in giving the competitive advantages. Mission Statement Fortune Mobility Solutions is a mining corporation in hopes of becoming successful in the mining industry. The corporation mission is to mine resources for customers needing it for building material. Our goal is to find and mine the best material that will reach our customers high criteria and needs. We are based highly around our customers and the resources we mine. Fortune Mobility How Do Customer Relationships Give Companies A Competitive... Question 1: How do customer relationships give companies a competitive edge? Through sustaining the customer relationships, leaders of the company have realized that â€Å"becoming nearer to the consumer† is vital for the progression. Together consumers and buyers of the trade have extra options through authorization from mobile and online channels that create more options to purchase, get and give suggestions, and converse back with the companies. Currently consumers freely turn away from any well accepted company if it does not fulfill their necessities. Through the consumer associations, companies get the response regarding their services and products from the consumers. From this response, companies get the difficulties or the concerns of the consumers as regards to their product such as quality concerns, difficulty to usage, and etc. From the response of the consumers, companies make enhancements in their products as per the necessities of the consumers. From the approach or the associations with the consumers, companies get a chance to gratify their consumers and build up a competitive edge. This mechanism facilitates companies to stay with and goes ahead from their competition. Therefore, consumer relationships help the companies to make a competitive edge. (How to build a customer-centered organization to gain competitive advantage) Question 2: Describe the methods for marketing planning, including business portfolio analysis, the Boston Consulting Group marketShow MoreRelatedHow Do Customer Relationships Give Companies A Competitive Edge?1884 Words   |  8 Pages1. How do customer relationships give companies a competitive edge? (20%) Losing a customer means a lot more than losing a sale, it means losing the entire future stream of purchases that the customer would make over a lifetime of patronage. There are a number of reasons why a customer may stop buying from a company; very often though that reason is linked to poor customer service as opposed to something inherently wrong with the brand itself. Customer relationships give companies a competitive edgeRead MoreFahad1373 Words   |  6 Pagesand e-commerce applications to gain a competitive advantage in an important market for your company. What reservations might you have about doing so? Why? As a manager you are responsible to be aware of these emerging technologies and new ways of conducting business in the new economy. Of course, if the manager is familiar with the concepts of developing an e-business or e-commerce application they certainly will have personal reservations in what to do. If the manager is not familiar withRead MoreThe Case Analysis for Clean Edge Razo Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case Analysis for Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Marketing Management MBA 812 B Jihang Yang (Elvis) September 27, 2012 Executive Summary Paramount’s newest nondisposable razor, Clean Edge, which from Paramount Health and Beauty Company injected a drop of new blood for the company. They feel very encouraging for the new product, because it gives the user a very great and all new feeling. And also it will be a competitive product in the razor marketing. ItRead MoreNetflix Inc Case Study1568 Words   |  7 Pagesan entertainment industry that provides millions of customers with a streaming service to television shows and movies. â€Å"Netflix was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Los Gatos, California† (Hosch). In the late 1990’s, Netflix started to offer an online subscription service through the Internet, which changed the way we viewed movies and shows. In the mid 2000’s, Netflix mailed DVDs to their subscribers, and once the customer was done watching they would mail it back to NetflixRead MoreEssay On E-Business1392 Words   |  6 Pages Line of Business TeesforPeeps is a up and coming e-commerce business which allows people to design t-shirts per what they want. The main office will be located in Melbourne, Australia. With the latest in cutting edge technology and using the process of computer dye sublimation, you will have the opportunity to design your t-shirts to your liking. Here at TeesforPeeps, we believe that designing your t-shirts is a type of art and expression, whether it may be for sports, conventions, family or evenRead MoreConnecting With Consumers - Disney1555 Words   |  7 Pages Connecting with consumers - Disney Introduction Disney a name which brings smile on the faces of people of all ages, Walt Disney most commonly known as Disney is one of the world’s largest multinational media and Entertainment Company with its headquarter in Walt Disney studios, Burbank, California, United states. Walt Disney was founded as a cartoon studio on October 16, 1923 by two brothers Walt and Roy Disney. (10-K, Walt Disney) Current CEO and chairman of Walt Disney is RobertRead MoreGlobal Business Environment1489 Words   |  6 Pagesput in place in order to increase performance of the company (2013). When the strategies lead to a superior performance of a company relative to its competitors, then the company is said to be at a competitive advantage. This is a case study of Federal Express, in the small package express delivery industry. It analyzes the company’s value creation frontier and the necessary building blocks of competitive advantage are necessary for the company to maintain above average profitability. This paper determinesRead MoreDefinition Of Competitive Intelligence ( Ci )1135 Words   |  5 Pages1. Definition of Competitive Intelligence (CI). CI is ‘the collection of information, internal, external and from competitors, but also from customers, suppliers, technologies, environments, and potential business to provide early warning and help to predict the moves of competitors, customers, and governments’ (Calof and Wright, 2008, p. 723; Gilad, 1996). Competitive Intelligence is the process of collecting, analyzing, and distributing actionable intelligence about customers, producer, suppliersRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Identifying and Differentiate Individual Customers Most companies still cling to a product-centric view even today, basing their business strategies on revenue and their products or services instead of their existing or potential customers. In other words, companies focused on selling as many products as they could, with no regard for who was buying them and why. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) today has changed the way companies view from looking to not only improve their revenue and compensationRead MoreStrategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business1108 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic direction. Followed by an evaluation of customers need in giving the competitive advantages. Mission Statement Fortune Mobility Solutions is a mining corporation in hopes of becoming successful in the mining industry. The corporation mission is to mine resources for customers needing it for building material. Our goal is to find and mine the best material that will reach our customers high criteria and needs. We are based highly around our customers and the resources we mine. Fortune Mobility

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay

Identity is defined as the qualities or beliefs that make a particular person different from another. Often in African American literature the protagonist have a moment where they recognize their blackness as apart of their identity and often experience pain due to society s estimation of their inferiority due to their blackness. The â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass† is about how Frederick Douglass overcomes the struggles of slavery. The experience of slavery is a continuous fight for identity and respect. Douglass, as well as Sophie Auld struggle with identity. In the first paragraph of Douglass’s Narrative, he introduces the audience with his situation: I was born in Tuckahoe, Near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Tablot County, Maryland. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen my authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their age as horses know theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant†¦A want of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness†¦The white children could tell their ages. (Douglass 395) The tone of the paragraph is negative. By Douglass’s words you are able to get a sense of how he suffers. The fact that he does not know his own age is outlandish, comparing himself and other African Americans to white people. Whites know their age where as African Americans do not and have to use seasons andShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederic k Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciation for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreThe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1527 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered â€Å"property† of their slaveholders and had no control over their own life. They were victims of psychological and physical brutal treatment. This story represents confinement, slavery and the lack of power African people had in such a racist society back in those days. African talents were absolutely wasted and they were considered inferior to white individuals. The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† sim ply addresses that white society was causing negative effects to itself andRead MoreNarrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christi an texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show the The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass details the oppression Fredrick Douglass went through before his escape to freedom. In his narratives, Douglass offers the readers with fast hand information of the pain, brutality, and humiliation of the slaves. He points out the cruelty of this institution on both the perpetrator, and the victims. As a slave, Fredrick Douglass witnessed the brutalization of the blacks whose only crime was to be born of the wrong color. He narrates of the pain, suffering the slaves went through, and how he fought for his freedom through attaining education. Douglass’s escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. Douglass saw slavery as a†¦show more content†¦Literacy was Douglasss first step on the road to his freedom, and that of his fellow African slaves. In addition, Douglas knew less about the slavery unfairness, until after finding the book The Columbian Orator, which was explaining the cases against slavery. He was angered by what he learnt about this book, and what the masters have done to the slaves. The book made him think that slavery was his fate, and there was no escape from it. He notes that, the slavery institution made them forget about their origin, and anything else that entails their past, and even when they were born. The slaves forgot everything about their families, and none knew about their family because, they were torn from them without any warning. Douglass explains how they went without food, clothing and even sleep because their masters were cruel to them. American slavery took advantage of black laborers as they were beaten mercilessly without committing any offense. They were not treated as human beings, but as property that could be manipulated in any way. The slavery institution was harsh for the Africans especially women who were regularly raped, and forced to bear their masters children and if they declined, they were maimed or killed. Douglass’s narrative is a courageous work, as it confronts the slavery institution, and the misuse of Christianity by the slave ownersShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 W ords   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederic k Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciation for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass, he is consider one of the greatest influential civil rights activists. His full name is Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, he was born into slavery on a Maryland Eastern Shore plantation. Frederick Douglass aspect in life was to become educated, to read and write, that was the only path to freedom, for himself and fellow slaves. He wanted to truly understand the larger picture of slavery. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass gives us an eye-opening of the horror of slavery. Douglass is driven by the need to express and portray his life as a slave, he educates himself and was able to read and write and he came to realize the dehumanization that was depicted towards slavery. He was determined to escape the horror of slavery. He failed the first time, but the second time was a success. Frederick Douglass became a great abolitionist, compelling America s view of slavery through his writing and actions. The Narrative of the Life of Fre derick Douglass includes events from his life as a slave and many other stories of others slave. Frederick Douglass, he was born into slavery his mother was a colored woman and it was belief that his dad was a white man and his master but Douglass wasn t too sure of these rumors. He was separated from his mother at birth that usually happens within slaves children and families they are separated from each other and never have the chance to see them ever again. Eve thoughShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential me ans of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Organizational Behavior Essay Free Essays

I. TARMAC COMPANY 1. 1 Tarmac’s structure Tarmac was originally formed by Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1993 and now being the UK ‘s largest quarrying company and supplier of construction. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tarmac leads on the market of aggregates, ready mixed concrete and asphalt. Its business also include national contracting and Buxton. In process of forming and developing. Tarmac is required to has a clear structure to set up a wealthy business. Base on scenario, Tarmac has set in place an organizational structure that provides clear lines of control, responsibility and communication. Tarmac is organized into three businesses: Tarmac Quarry Materials, Tarmac building Products and Tarmac international. To provide clear of control and responsibilities , in each area, the company focus on building three main level of staff means that the company. Each level engage with a specific range of responsibilities. Furthermore, Tarmac has a set of business principles to ensure employees commitment and help them understand their role. Tarmac operation contain support of some divisions and these divisions also share ideas across the company about how to improve processes and achieve cost saving. It clear that Tarmac structure base on its three SBUs. As a large and complex company, Structured by SBUs support Tarmac in expanding their business rapidly in different geographic location. However, cost for building up a SBU is high and that is a challenge for development of Tarmac. Refer to appendix 1, beside some divisions support to Tarmac operation such as finance, human resource, etc†¦there are other divisions contained in each SBU. Tarmac aim to set up multidivisional structure also with purpose to define responsibilities for employees. Another point is that multidivisional structure will help Tarmac to apply total quality management effectively. However, communication problems may happen in this structure. a division can interfere work of others or repeat what other division did then cause misunderstanding, conflict and waste resource. In addition, to manage its big business, Tarmac need tall structure limit span of control. Wide span of control in a big company like Tarmac can make managers overworked and lead to improper decision making. Tall structure make it easier for managers to control and monitor performance of subordinate. Also, many level of hierarchy provide clear line of responsibilities and control to support multidivisional structure. In multidivisional structure, a clear line of responsibilities is needed for dividing task to manager. Moreover, hierarchical structure enable Tarmac to make centralization. As a big company with many divisions, centralization is necessary for Tarmac to reduce redundant position for saving cost. On the other hand, hierarchical structure theoretically prevent communication between employees and high level of manager. Employees and low level of management can find difficulty to contact with top level. 1. 2 Tarmac’s culture Tarmac pays much attention in their culture. In a multidivisional structure, task or role culture normally applied. Tarmac have to choose a culture that suit with its long term aim. Tarmac’s long term aim is to develop high performance teams who work within a culture of quality and continuous improvement. The company also believes in bringing out the best in all their people. With the goal to apply a culture that appreciate team base and individual potential, task culture is more suitable than role culture. Moreover, what the company want is giving opportunity to employees to contribute their ideas on how to achieve result and encouraging a culture of learning. It is clear that Tarmac can not apply role culture to achieve these target because these are disadvantage of this culture. With task culture, Tarmac is able to achieve the company’s goal through team orientation. Also, task culture is an important part of employees involvement that Tarmac apply in total quality management. However, to task culture is not easy to apply. To build up high performance team, there are three big issue need to be taken in consideration. Firstly, Employees engagement take much time and need a very proper detailed plan to achieve. How to motivate people and help them to achieve their potential are difficulty in applying task culture. Secondly, Tarmac face to high cost to apply task culture. Cost for training, team building and coordinating system may prevent the company from setting up their business. Last but not least, leadership is very important in team work. Who are leaders of teams ? How do they make decision ? and how do these decisions are effective. Leadership style is an essential tool to manage and motivate team work in task culture. 1. Relationship between structure and culture of Tarmac and their effects on business performance Organizational culture can draw a big image of a company, the size, performance and all relevant elements while organizational structure show the order and basis of this image. The picture of Tarmac is a number of teams which contain enthusiast and skillful people. Each of them eng age with a suitable task and try to stand in higher place to achieve their own goal. Furthermore, all teams focus on a point which is Tarmac’s vision. If we consider about the structure, we can see that there are a chain from teams, operators, supervisors and managers. One chain is representative for a particular division and group of divisions create a SBU. There is a relationship between structure, culture to business performance. In Tarmac. decision is made from high level of management because of centralization. However, task culture ensure that there is there are idea given by employees to managers to strengthen decision making. Decisions are originally made from top level by centralization and normally slow response to environment because they need time to pass through different level of hierarchy. However, task culture has reduced this slow response. When having change to present ideas, employees engagement and commitment are improved. Also, this will help the decision applied quickly because employees can understand catch up with the change because they can be provide their own opinions which are take into consideration. Culture of learning and development tend to enhance and enrich the company knowledge. This culture promote productivity and reducing burden of managers in coaching and decision making. Many disadvantages in Tarmac structure are solved by their culture. Employees in task culture can achieve their personal goals in a team. Poor communication between from different management level also removed by encouraging employees to show their ideas but the final decision is still belongs to managers so the decision making is improved. The culture makes the structure more flexible while the structure help to form the culture. Though work together in a team, employees are responsible for report to their manager. Moreover, different level of management set out standard to control performance of employees to ensure employees performance. Also, zone managers are people who encourage and reward staff who contribute improvement ideas and action to ensure the equity of team performance. 1. 4 Influence individual behavior at work in Tarmac Individual behavior at work are built from environment inside company at large. Tarmac culture and policies aim to set up a standard of behavior for each position. Engaging employees and act responsibly are mentioned five big goals that are Tarmac value. The company emphasis that employees work at one team and each team achieve its full potential. Employees are expected to aware of team spirit for them to perform in team. For each team to achieve its full potential, it need to make sure that all members can achieve their full potential. In other word, ability of employees should be used fully to improve team performance. Tarmac also appreciate importance of acting responsibly. It want employees to bring their expertise, enthusiasm and commitment to the activities they will deliver. The company require positive attitude at work with high responsibility.. Additionally, Tarmac has set of business principles that demonstrate its commitment to operating ethically and responsibly. Employees have to understand that their work must support the company aims and objectives. Working in teams is not means that Tarmac doesn’t care about individual’s ability. Tarmac apply a learning and development for employees to develop their skills and build up learning attitude. Through presenting ideas on how to achieve the result, employees will get more understanding in their job. The company managers also have the task to encourage people to achieve their own potential. Employees of Tarmac have opportunities to contribute their idea on how to achieve result so that employees are free to present their working style. As Tarmac mention in their strategy is to have right people with right skill means that people should be engaged in a task that suitable with their potential and expectation. So that not only about ability to do the task but also awareness of people for their task is concerned. Manager need to consider that each personality suit for a different task. Managers and leadership style are also affect employees behavior at work. One mission of zone manager is to encourage team through coaching and leadership. To work in a team, each member need a big motivation to be a part of it. This mission is to ensure the attitude at work for each member remind them about their responsibility. Moreover, zone manager will encourage and reward staff who contribute improvement ideas and action. This action strongly promote employees to perform well and show their full ability. For human resource managers, their first mission is to manage change and facilitate training and development. It is essential to ensure that change in business or even change in responsibility will not affect to performance of staffs. Other duty of human resource managers is communicating with employees. In teamwork, sometime it conflict may appear among members. Conflicts must be solve quickly to enhance coordination and avoid chaos. The manager have to apply HR policies and procedures consistently to develop partnership across different team. 1. 5 Organizational theory and business approach of Tarmac Hierarchical structure get it easy to apply classical approach so that Tarmac used to applied classical administration, specially bureaucracy. With a tall hierarchical structure, Tarmac takes it easy to build up hierarchy of command. This hierarchy obviously enhance delegation between management level so that it supports task delivery. Tarmac also has a set of business principles to ensure employees commitment. In classical administration approach, employees are expected to work under a system of rules and principle and perform responsibly to these rules. Each staff engaged with a specific role (role culture) as a specialization. Classical approach can help Tarmac to build a strict management and ensure performance of the company at large. However, in the time that global economy is changing so fast, this approach is no longer suitable for Tarmac to adapt with business environment. If there are problems in business performance, it may come from high level of management and hierarchical structure will prevent Tarmac from making a change. It require Tarmac to take another approach for the company long term aims. Considering Tarmac DREAM, the company clearly show their long term aim which is to improve overall performance of the company. Tarmac provide close connection with their customer and enhance employees involvement. In this case, Tarmac applied total quality management to achieve the exceptional. Total quality management is showed strongly in its Dream. The first priority of Tarmac is developing market by working closely with key customers. The company recognized that customer relation is the key to success of each enterprise. Also, to deliver good products and services to customer, Tarmac has to care about its total performance, especially employees involvement. Tarmac ‘s long term aim is to develop high performance teams who work within a culture of quality and continuous improvement. Employees of Tarmac can contribute their ideas to improve quality product. This also strengthen employees commitment to the organization. In others long term aim, Tarmac appreciate importance of reducing costs, acting responsibly and managing assets in enhancing total performance. For example, one of Tarmac strategy to acting responsibly is reducing waste to landfill. Tarmac wants all employees to bring their expertise, enthusiasm and commitment to the activities that will deliver most value in support of the company’s objectives. This strategy show that Tarmac really make a strong application of TQM to strengthen value of the company. In reality, total quality performance support Tarmac to improve and innovate the company ‘s product and services to satisfy their customer. Inside the company, employees have got motivation and are encouraged to achieve their potential so that productivity will be improved. Moreover, with creative thinking of employees at work, Tarmac enable to get used to with changing of business environment. 1. 6 Leadership style of Tarmac To each company, leadership style is an important factor which affects its business performance. In Tarmac hierarchical structure, autocratic style was suitable for managers to make decision quickly and easy to apply, especially when Tarmac business need to response quickly to the environment. The company used to apply autocratic style for their manager. Autocratic managers make all of decisions and employees need to follow them. Managers tell employees what to do and how to do it. Tarmac recognized that this style is necessary if the job is urgent and need to be done in particular way. However, the company also see that autocratic style will prevent efficiency of decision making in long term. Some decisions need thorough assessment and discussion and manager need more information from lower level to make decision. There are more burden to manager because their responsibilities are both decision making and controlling subordinate. Useful feedback from employees for improvement is not taken into consideration then manager may make improper response to environment. Moreover, this style make a conflict with Tarmac long term aim of promoting and encouraging a culture of learning and development. Therefore Tarmac has put in place a programme of change management to improve performance and motivate staffs. Participative and coaching style applied as an alternative for autocratic style. Tarmac appoint coaching managers to develop employees and their responsibilities is to care about employees. These managers tend to enhance task culture by encourage their staff to find a way to achieve result and learn from experience. A result is decision making is improved by two way communication and increase productivity because employees receive motivation. Tarmac aim to make a long engagement with employees and believe that employees will be basis for them to make difference and enable the business to be the leader in its chosen market so that coaching manage is Different from autocratic manager , Coaching manager appreciate employees potential more than evaluate task fulfillment. They are people who can find out employees ability and help them to achieve their potential. Coaching style also support total quality approach in employees involvement by motivating training them. By applying two parallel leadership style, Tarmac create flexible management. Tarmac is able to response quickly to the business but also can strengthen decision making. This innovative application of leadership give Tarmac a big advantage in doing their business. II. VICEM HAI VAN COMPANY 2. 1 Hai Van’s structure In Vicem Hai Van, top management level include Board of Chairman, Board of director and Board of Controller. In middle level, there are some deputy director below and report directly to the director such as deputy director of business, deputy director of manufacturing technic. Each deputy director is responsible for one area. There are also many departments under director or deputy director. The structure of Hai Van can be seen as a flat structure. There are few level of management from top level to employees and this enhance delegation. The advantage of flat structure in Hai Van is that cost for organizing management level is low. There are many deputy director and manager report to the director so that the director can be overworked. There are many department in which people with suitable skills are grouped together and managed by managers. This functional structure support Hai Van in specialization and training. The functional structure of Hai Van follows decentralized decision making model. Deputy manager have authority to make decision in their department. This can a chance for these deputy managers to practice leadership and decision making and motivate them. Decision making process is fast and then response quickly to environment. However, coordination among department is a problem of functional structure and require solution from the director. In functional structure, task are done efficiently because there are strong specialization to fix people to their most suitable job. 2. 2 Hai Van’s culture Vicem Hai Van has built up role culture since it was set up and the culture reflects on the structure. There are some departments and each department include many different level and position. Employees are fitted to their position as a specialization. Hai Van has applied role culture and this culture is also suitable with their functional structure. Role culture strengthen specialization and task engagement to employees in each functional department. On the other hand, Hai Van has a policy to have right people with right skill and talent for making a full ultilization of human resource. The company also try to employ high skill employees to build high qualified labour force. Vicem Hai Van attempt to build up a evaluation system to check and assess exactly performance of each position. This policy is to ensure commitment of employees and equal treating to each position. This system show how strong of role culture in the company. Each year, Hai Van provide training course with purpose to maintain long term labor and improve productivity. Hai Van mentioned in their objectives that they aim to maintain and develop production to higher quality, appearance and quantity. This objective point out that Hai Van tend to applied continuous improvement culture. Process and procedure are concerned and improved. Standard is set up for each department to improve productivity and efficience. Furthermore, the company give managers chance to study specialize knowledge to help them catch up with the environment. In conclusion, what Hai Van are doing is to build a strong management in which managers play important role on leading the company and guiding employees. 2. Relationship between structure and culture of Hai Van and their effects on business performance In Vicem Hai Van, decisions are made from top level. Role culture support the structure in engaging and distribute task to each position. Decisions have short making process through many level. Decentralization also speed up decision making and make quick response to environment . There are few management level so that manager can communicate well with their staffs. Commitment of employees is high thanks to suitable specialization and evaluation system. Performance of employees is also high because they are engaged in suitable task. Hai Van encourage high skill employees to has long term commitment with the company. 2. 4 Influence individual behavior at work in Hai Van Vicem Hai Van aim to give clear responsibility, authority to each function in the company and attempt to ensure well coordination between different departments. This policy is to ensure that there are no conflict and misunderstanding between departments. Another policy is building and having training for a loyal, active leader team to make a permanent management. Employees who want to develop their career in Hai Van receive more benefit so that their will try to perform well. Employees in Hai Van also engaged with task that suitable for their ability and skills so that there are tend to show their full ability at work. To enhance employees commitment, Hai Van build up a evaluation system to control and assess performance of each position. Employees act more responsibly to get their task done because the report from this system can affect to their benefit. 2. 5 Organizational theory and business approach of Hai Van In Vicem Haivan, the company tends to set up clear system of function, mission and responsibility of each unit. Vicem Hai Van has a policy to train and develop a main manager team who are active and enthusiasted. Arrange and dividing task in a proper way to ensure that employees are match with what they do best and encourage creativity of them. Then Tarmac benefits from the savings and quality enhancement. In general, Vicem Hai Van also applied classical administration. The company has build up a strict structure. The policy of the two company has many similar point like conducting specialization, holding a clear chain of command, centralize decision making and appreciate responsibility and commitment of employees. However, because of different size of business, there are some different characteristics. Classical administration in Tarmac is more complicated than Vicem one. Hierarchy in Tarmac is tall and clear with a number of management level while there are not many level in Hai Van because of the size of business. As in Vicem Hai Van, employees just simply need to fulfill their responsibility and their work are under control of evaluation system. On the other hand, in Tarmac, employees need to bring their expertise, enthusiasm and commitment to the activities they do. Moreover, employees performance must support to Tarmac goal. About management, to go to the higher hierarchy, there are no special policy in Vicem Hai Van. The company just tend to train an loyal manager team with high skill and give little encouragement for attempt to develop of employees. However, in Tarmac, graduate trainee would learn though shadowing a selection leader during their training period so that he or she can aquire right skill and suitable tendency for the next higher position. 2. 6 Leadership style of Hai Van In Vicem Hai Van, all procedure is closed. Employees do their task under instruction of managers and monitoring of supervisor. The most clear leadership style approach here is autocratic . Decisions are made among manager with few or no feedback from employees. The leadership style fit with the company role culture that employees need to fulfill their task base on the goals of the company. It is easy to consider autocratic applied has its benefit to make a clear chain of order through level of management and employees. Moreover, in autocratic style, manager can make decision quickly and it is useful if the decision is urgent. However, this leadership style have difficulty in encouraging contribution from employees to improve decision making. III. ANALYSIS AND COMPARATION BETWEEN TARMAC AND HAI VAN 3,1 Comparison about structure, culture and business performance of Tarmac and Hai Van Tarmac is a big company which conduct business in some different geographic location. Tall structure is necessary for the company to control such a complicated business. To create advantage of competition and expand business quickly, structure by SBUs allow Tarmac to build new business quickly but stably thanks to available resource. Furthermore, tall structure and centralization ensure that each SBU act responsibly to achieve the company’s goal. Tarmac have two choice of culture: task and role. Role culture may suitable with tall structure and also support specialization in multidivisional structure. However, Role culture can not support Tarmac’s long term aim to develop high performance team. Moreover, Role culture affect to the flexibility while the company want to develop a culture of quality and continuous improvement. Tarmac choose task culture as a most suitable culture for it in motivating people to achieve the company goal. On the other hand, Hai Van is a local company which is a unit of Vietnam industry cement corporation. As a member of Vicem corporation, Hai Van tend to exploit local resource and just build up new brand in several nearby area. Therefore, Hai Van need a structure that help them setting up a stable and strong business, but not complicated one. Flat functional structure is a good choice for them. While flat structure is suitable with small business which need simple management to reduce cost, functional structure will support the company in training, recruitment and allocating available resource. Tarmac has to spend a lot for management cost, but their structure is good for management training and regeneration of management levels. People in Tarmac can learn through shadowing a lead and acquired right skills and experience to go to the next position. Different from Tarmac, Structure of Hai Van is much cheaper to organized but contain some issues. If deputy manager have too much authority, they may make some decisions which are wrong or not suit with the company objective. Also, if they have little authority, the director may be overworked. 3. Comparison about business approach and leadership style of Tarmac and Hai Van A tall structure like Tarmac take it easy to apply classical music and Tarmac also applied this approach. However, to achieve the exceptional of its vision, Tarmac have to continuously improve their product service to meet their customer’s need. Tarmac must choose a new approach for it to adapt with change of business environment. With application of tas k culture and multidivisional structure, the company has opportunity to apply total quality management. Employees involvement is improved by multidivisional structure. This structure also create a good environment of coordinating to achieve a specific goal. Tarmac also make a change in their leader ship style to improve total performance. Tarmac will take advantage of improvement of performance of productivity and responsibility to achieve their DREAM. In Hai Van company, it does not conduct business in a high competitive environment as Tarmac does. Therefore, Hai Van just apply continuous improvement culture. The company tend to improve performance by applying new technology, management training and evaluating system. This strategy can take advantage in short term but may has some problem in long term. REFERENCE 1. Alangutterman (2008) center for management of emerging companies : Advantage of multidivisional structure [online] , 2008 [cited October 15th 2011] http://alangutterman. typepad. com/emergingcompanies/2008/03/advantages-of-m. html 2. Alangutterman (2008) center for management of emerging companies : Disadvantage of multidivisional structure [online] , 2008 [cited October 15th 2011] http://alangutterman. typepad. com/emergingcompanies/2008/03/disadvantages-o. tml 3. Thetimes100 (2010) Tarmac case study|Introduction [online], UK 2010 [cited October 15th 2011] http://www. thetimes100. co. uk/case-study–how-roles-and-functions-contribute-to-competitive-advantage–109-326-1. php 4. Thetimes100 (2010) Tarmac case study|Organizational roles and funtions [online], UK 2010 [cited October 15th 2011] http://www. thetimes100. co. uk/case-study–organisational-roles-and-functio ns–109-326-2. php 5. Haivan (2011) General introduction [online], Vietnam 2011 [cited October 25th 2011]http://www. aivancement. vn/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=1%3Aco-cau-to-chuccatid=6%3Agi%3Fi-thi%3Fuam p;amp;Itemid=18lang=en 6. Haivan (2011) Organization [online], Vietnam 2011 [cited October 25th 2011]http://www. haivancement. vn/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=1%3Aco-cau-to-chuccatid=6%3Agi%3Fi-thi%3FuItemid=18lang=en 7. Haivan(2007) Cong ty xi mang Hai Van [online], Vietnam 2007[cited Novenber 1st 2011] http://tailieu. vn/xem-tai-lieu/cong-ty-xi-mang-hai-van. 28563. html APPENDICES Appendix 1 – Tarmac structure TARMAC GROUP Procurement Marketing IT Finance Human resource Tarmac building products Tarmac international Tarmac limited Operation Operation Operation Operation Commercial Commercial Commercial Technical Technical Technical Safe, Health environment Safe, Health environment Safe, Health environment Recycling Recycling Recycling Estates and Geology Estates and Geology Estates and Geology Engineering department Products operation and operations management Appendix – Hai Van structure Table of Contents I. TARMAC COMPANY1 1. 1 Tarmac’s structure1 1. 2 Tarmac’s culture2 1. 3 Relationship between structure and culture of Tarmac and their effects on business performance3 1. 4 Influence individual behavior at work in Tarmac4 1. 5 Organizational theory and business approach of Tarmac5 1. 6 Leadership style of Tarmac6 II. VICEM HAI VAN COMPANY7 2. 1 Hai Van’s structure7 2. 2 Hai Van’s culture7 2. 3 Relationship between structure and culture of Hai Van and their effects on business performance8 2. 4 Influence individual behavior at work in Hai Van8 How to cite Organizational Behavior Essay, Essay examples

Self Defense Essay free essay sample

Nowadays violence can happen anywhere, anytime, and to anybody. In fact, it is overwhelmingly likely that some of you will become the targets of violence in the future. The purpose I am here is to help you prepare for It. Today, Ill show you three strategies of self-defense that can help you protect yourself and escape from dangerous situations. The first strategy of self-defense Is avoiding dangerous people and dangerous places. The primary goal of self-defense Is to avoid becoming the victim of violence. The best way to do this is not to be where violence Is likely to occur.For example, If you visit dangerous neighborhoods at night frequent places where drunken men gather, you are running some obvious risks. I know avoiding dangerous people and dangerous places Is now always possible, but keep In mind that It Is your first and best line of defense. The second strategy of self-defense Is to be aware of situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Defense Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you are on the street, be observant of your surroundings and if possible, avoid potentially dangerous situations. When practical, run. It is a great defense. For example, be aware of dangerous if you are alone on a quiet street at night.Then, after observing oh surroundings, if you discover someone watching your steps or quietly following you, run immediately out of this dangerous place. Dont wait until they come closer to you and have a chance to attack you as in the case of my friend that I mention above. Some of you would say if doing so, people would laugh at me. you concern is absolutely right, but remember, your pride will heal faster than your body, and you live is more important than you live, in this case. The last strategy of self-defense is quickly respond and escape. In any case, if violence is unavoidable, you should face it and respond to it immediately. Remember, your goal is to get away with minimum trauma (to you), while harming your attacker in any way that seems necessary to ensure your escape. For example, if an attacker grabs your right wrist and pull, you should immediately and quickly slide lightly to the right and toward him, while lower your body to maintain your balance. Next, turn you palm down, bend you lower arm inward and bring your elbow over your attackers lower arm. Then, your right wrist is released. At the same time you can hit the attackers nose by your left palm or punch him at his chest and stomp his feet, hen escape.Keeping yourself safe should be the only your concern. Street violence is a big problem in modern today society. Because violence happens everywhere, no one can be Immune from It. However, If you apply three strategies Ive Just told you to your everyday life, you would likely reduce the risk of becoming the victim of violence and would likely escape from It without fighting. Three strategies of self-defense are, one: avoid dangerous people and dangerous places; two: be aware of situation; three: give up property future. The purpose I am here is to help you prepare for it.Today, Ill show you three The first strategy of self-defense is avoiding dangerous people and dangerous places. The primary goal of self-defense is to avoid becoming the victim of violence. The best way to do this is not to be where violence is likely to occur. For example, if dangerous places is now always possible, but keep in mind that it is your first and The second strategy of self-defense is to be aware of situation. When you are on happens everywhere, no one can be immune from it. However, if you apply three becoming the victim of violence and would likely escape from it without fighting.

A Journey Through The Golden Gates of Promise essays

A Journey Through The Golden Gates of Promise essays A Journey Though the Golden Gates of Promise Great controversy exists over the true promises of the Golden Gates in the United States. Discrimination occurs with different ethnic groups, but for those immigrants permitted into the country, the opportunities are excellent. The laws and practices established to control immigration into the United States limit the amount of poverty that can be present in the country. Without these important practices and laws created by the United States Congress, cheap labor would overpower American citizen labor and lead the country to an economic and social catastrophe. Although the United States is often criticized for its establishment of immigration laws and practices during 1865 and 1930, these actions are very fair. It seems that the people of China have received a lot amount of discrimination as they try to venture into the promise lands of the United States. Early discrimination of the Chinese is revealed when considering early laws and practices of the United States towards immigration. Not only did Congress pass laws and restrictions against Chinese but the attitudes of citizens towards the Chinese often led to uproars and bitterness towards the immigrants arriving from China. In the 1850s, the California legislature passed a series of anti-Chinese restrictions. These restrictions forbade Chinese Americans to enroll their children in public schools, to marry whites, or to testify against whites in the court of law. Some particular court cases display the effects of this law. A very upsetting California court case decision in the 1850s for the Chinese people is called People vs. Hall. In August of 1853, George W. Hall, his brother, and their friend assaulted a Chinese miner in Nevada County. When Ling Sing, the Chinese mans cousin, came to help him, Hall shot and killed Ling Sing. During the original trial, Hall was found...

How to Conjugate the Regular French Verb Acheter (To Buy)

How to Conjugate the Regular French Verb 'Acheter' ('To Buy') Achete (to buy) is a very common French stem-changing verb. It is a verb that has two different stems but is conjugated with the same endings as  regular -er verbs. Stem-changing verbs are sometimes also called boot verbs or shoe verbs  because if you circle the forms that have stem changes in the conjugation table below, the resulting shape looks like a boot or shoe. The Actual Stem Change For the  present tense  of verbs that end in  -e_er (  _ indicates one or more consonants), the stem change consists of changing the  e  before that consonant to  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚  in all forms but  nous  and  vous. See this happen in the table below. Stem changes are not limited to the present tense; they  occur across several French tenses and moods, as shown in the table below. Note that the table below  has only the simple conjugations of the verb  acheter; it does not include the compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb  and  the past participle. Common -e_er Stem-Changing Verbs   Ã‚  Ã‚  acheter  Ã‚  to buy  Ã‚  Ã‚  amener  Ã‚  to take  Ã‚  Ã‚  emmener  Ã‚  to take  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enlever  Ã‚  to remove  Ã‚  Ã‚  geler  Ã‚  to freeze  Ã‚  Ã‚  harceler  Ã‚  o harass  Ã‚  Ã‚  lever  Ã‚  to lift, raise  Ã‚  Ã‚  mener  Ã‚  to lead  Ã‚  Ã‚  peler  Ã‚  to peel  Ã‚  Ã‚  peser  Ã‚  to weigh  Ã‚  Ã‚  promener  Ã‚  to walk Other than acheter, geler, harceler and peler, most verbs that end in -eler and -eter are part of a different stem-change group that includes -eler verbs and -eter verbs. Verbs that end in -à ©_er have a similar stem change. For the present tense of verbs that end in -à ©_er, the stem change consists of changing à © to à ¨ in all forms but nous and vous, as in the following example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  je  considà ¨re  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous  considà ©rons  Ã‚  Ã‚  tu  considà ¨res  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous  considà ©rez  Ã‚  Ã‚  il  considà ¨re  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ils  considà ¨rent Common -à ©_er Stem-Changing Verbs      cà ©der  Ã‚  to give up, dispose of  Ã‚  Ã‚  cà ©là ©brer   to celebrate  Ã‚  Ã‚  complà ©ter   to complete  Ã‚  Ã‚  considà ©rer   to consider  Ã‚  Ã‚  diffà ©rer   to differ  Ã‚  Ã‚  espà ©rer   to hope  Ã‚  Ã‚  exagà ©rer* to exaggerate  Ã‚  Ã‚  gà ©rer   to manage  Ã‚  Ã‚  inquià ©ter   to worry  Ã‚  Ã‚  modà ©rer   to moderate  Ã‚  Ã‚  pà ©nà ©trer   to enter  Ã‚  Ã‚  possà ©der   to possess  Ã‚  Ã‚  prà ©fà ©rer   to prefer  Ã‚  Ã‚  protà ©ger* to protect  Ã‚  Ã‚  reflà ©ter   to reflect  Ã‚  Ã‚  rà ©pà ©ter   to repeat  Ã‚  Ã‚  rà ©và ©ler   to reveal  Ã‚  Ã‚  suggà ©rer   to suggest  Ã‚  Ã‚  zà ©brer   to stripe*These are also  spelling change verbs. Verbs that end in  -e_er  have a similar stem change.  For  -e_er verbs  and  -à ©_er verbs, the penultimate e takes on or changes to à ¨. Simple Conjugations of the French Stem-Changing Verb Acheter Present Future Imperfect Present participle j achte achterai achetais achetant tu achtes achteras achetais il achte achtera achetait nous achetons achterons achetions vous achetez achterez achetiez ils achtent achteront achetaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle achet Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j achte achterais achetai achetasse tu achtes achterais achetas achetasses il achte achterait acheta achett nous achetions achterions achetmes achetassions vous achetiez achteriez achettes achetassiez ils achtent achteraient achetrent achetassent Imperative tu achte nous achetons vous achetez

Macroeconomics - international trade Term Paper

Macroeconomics - international trade - Term Paper Example The paper will then talk about some protectionism and why should be some government interference in trade. I then talk about how the terms of trade (TOT) of a country are affected by the price of exports and imports and finally the paper ends with an explanation on the impact of exchange rates on a country’s trade in the international arena. International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services that occurs across international boundaries that is between two or more countries (Grant 452). Countries that are involved in international trade are known as open economies while those that do not engage in it are called autarky or a closed economy. International trade differs from domestic or internal trade that takes place within the country. Restrictions are usually imposed by regulating authorities, international organizations and governments on the imports (foreign goods coming into a country) and exports (local goods supplied abroad). Communication can also be a problem in international trade however due to the advancements in technology and as a result of globalization this problem has been solved to a great extent. There are also high transport costs involved as products often need to be transported from one part of the world to another. In order to buy a foreign good one must have the foreign country’s currency to buy that good. Although these assumptions are unrealistic however they need to be made in order to understand the two concepts more clearly. A country has an absolute advantage in production of a product when the country can produce more of the product than the other country by using the same amount of resources. In other words producing the same amount if the product by using lesser resources. Let us illustrate this through an example. Suppose that there are only two countries, A and B, in the world producing only two goods, cloth and wheat. They produce per unit of

Compare and Contrast Herbal medicine and Nutritional therapy Essay

Compare and Contrast Herbal medicine and Nutritional therapy - Essay Example In addition, complementary medicine incorporates alternative medicine applied for curative and therapeutic purposes, instead of the western medicine (Robson, 2003). Other important component of complementary medicine according to Robson, (2003) includes indigenous practices and medicines traditionally used for medical intervention in addition to integrative medicine, which involves using both western medicine and complementary medicine to cure diseases. In view of these dimensions, Robson (2003) argues that complementary medicine is an inclusive term, incorporating both complementary medicines and therapies. In health care, Mark and Brown (2007) note that the major concerns of complementary medicine are maintenance of health and curing diseases. Therefore, different medicines and therapies not regarded by mainstream medical practice are included in the practice. These include herbal medicine, acupuncture, reflexology, aromatherapy, nutritional therapy, hypnotherapy, massage therapy, yoga, homeopathy, osteopathy among others (Mark, & Brown, 2007). According to Blackman, et al. (2009), many health care professionals are increasingly applying both complementary and conventional medicine and therapy in their practices and this has resulted to high incidents of overlap between the two. In this regard, Fass (2001) formulated four domains of complementary medicine considering the existence of some intersections while applying medical practices. These domains include mind and body medicine, practices based on biological applications, energy medicine, and body based (manipulative) practices (Fass, 2001). Mind - body medicine in complementary medicine involves the application of diverse methods intended to improve the power of the mind to affect the functions of the body and symptoms (Damery, et al. 2009). Examples of mind-body

Which two sites give you the best tips on how to negotiate Essay

Which two sites give you the best tips on how to negotiate - Essay Example It is obligatory that there are at least two participants whose interests are partially common and partially different. Negotiation are the fact of our everyday life, the main means of getting what you want. Though we negotiate every day, it is not easy. Usually people are confronted with the dilemma – to be complaisant or to be strict. The other way of negotiating is a middle approach between complaisant and strict, it includes the attempt to reach agreement between goal striving and being on good terms with people. The world negotiating experience knows much about how to come to the successful agreement and that is why many tips that are usually performed in books and internet are avaliable. Speaking about the tips on how to negotiate we can divide them into some groups: psychological tips, ethical and aesthetic tips, these groups are general for any field of negotiations, and the third group includes professional tips which are different for every field. We investigated four suggestions of tips on how to negotiate made by different authors. Most of the tips given are of psychological character. The analysis of these suggestions will help us to define the best tips which can be used for having successful negotiations. The first suggestion of tips gives such pieces of advice (Braham B.): know thyself; learn the partner you are negotiating with before you start; think on what you want, what your partner wants and on your supposition about what he thinks you want; try to build trust; listen attentively, begin with stating your positions; be confident; know what options you have; know what a win is and the last point is to enjoy the negotiations process.(Braham B.) The number of tips suggested is very good and can be helpfull during the process of negotiations. To my mind stating the positions at the beginning is a very important thing which helps to built trust, in case if person sounds confidently.

Healthcare Professional Understanding and Response to Alarms

Healthcare Professional Understanding and Response to Alarms Obstacles and Solutions for Healthcare Professionals (HP)’s understanding and response to monitor alarms: A literature Review Image(1) Abstract: The alarm systems employed in the intensive care unit (ICU) are vital for patient care and safety. They give readings for heart rate, oximetry and the cut-offs for the alarms are set by the individual or the manufacturer. There have been adverse events associated with alarms systems and recently, it has become a serious health hazard. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature for healthcare professionals’ (HP) understanding and response to monitor alarms in the hospital and any solutions proposed. Mohammad Omar Aziz 112120367 University College Cork 24/11/2014 INTRODUCTION: The alarm systems give readings of many physiological variables including heart rate, respiratory rate, oximetry and the cut-offs for the alarms are set by the individual or the manufacturer(2). These alarms can also be silenced. The machine employed in NICU in CUMH contains a Stop and Pause function(2). The Pause function silences all alarm parameters for 2 minutes, whereas the stop function silences only one particular alarm parameter for 1 minute. There is also a setting known as ‘Extreme alarm’, which alerts the HP when the particular physiological variable has gotten worse (eg oxygen saturation has been gotten less than 80% for neonates in CUMH). The reason for such functions (ie stop and pause) is that an alarm may not be deemed serious by the HP and the HP may decide to ‘wait and see’ if this is just an isolated incident. Also, alarms may not be as serious and the HP may deem it to be a ‘false positive (FP)’. This is because the alarms ar e just one input of information for the HP and he/she takes into account other inputs, such as clinical context(3). Also, the patient population itself in the ICU is to be considered. For example, it is common for neonates to have episodes of tachycardia and as such, isolated incidents would not cause the HP to be worried about patient. Rather, the alarms become worrisome if the variables are not coming back to normal limits (i.e. assessing if the alarms are continuing to sound as opposed to being an isolated incident)(2). The alarms are aimed to have a high specificity so that a true event is not missed. However, this can be burdensome. In a day in the ICU, this could translate to 187 alarms/bed, of which majority are false positive alarms(4). Another study found that for a cardiac surgery, roughly 1 alarm would go off every minute and approximately 80% of the alarms had no practical benefit (i.e. no clinical action could be taken)(5). Alarm systems can lead to adverse events and in 2010, alarm hazards was amongst the top 10 technology health hazards and in 2012, it had surpassed the others to become the leading technology health hazard(6, 7). The potential consequences of adverse events can be fatal as one of the databases for the FDA had reported that in a span of 3 years, from 2005 to 2008, there were 566 deaths related to monitor device alarms(8). In Ireland (NICU in CUMH), a neonate could have been hypoxic after a prolonged period due to misunderstanding of alarms, highlighting the global scale of such a problem(2). OBJECTIVE: This literature review was aimed to see if there are any papers dealing with HP’s understanding and response to monitor alarms in critical care setting and ways in which it is affected. Response and understanding in this paper refers to whether the staff: (i) responded/became aware of the alarm and (ii) carried out the correct response based on the alarm that sounded. These specifically are: Factors affect their response and understanding Effects of in-adequate response and understanding Solution(s) proposed to improve response and understanding Difference in understanding after stratification: between doctors and nurses, between specialties of ICU (e.g. CCU vs NICU) The conclusions drawn from the review will give insight into audits carried out in CUH regarding monitor alarms and solutions to ‘close the audit loop’. It will also allow for comparison of HP’s understanding in CUH to others hospitals. METHODS: Inclusion Criteria: Papers that dealt with the following: HP’s understanding/interaction with monitor alarms Alarms employed in Hospital (as opposed to ambulatory care) The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration. Preference was given to most recent articles as well as review articles. Abstracts were reviewed and if they met inclusion criteria, they were read. Filters applied: ‘English’, ‘Full Text available’, ‘Human’ Search terms entered included: ‘Monitor Alarms’, ‘Monitor alarms + Understanding’, ‘Monitor Alarms + Fatigue’, ‘Alarms’. Cochrane database yielded no articles with any of the search terms, except ‘alarms’( which yielded articles, but they had no relevance to topic). RESULTS: Alarm fatigue and its effect on HP’s understanding Alarms, by their nature, are in place to alert the staff that the patient needs attending to and have limits set in place such that a true event is not missed. As a result, they have a tendency to stuffer from a high false positive rate (FP) and thus, poor positive predictive value (PPV)(9). Clinically insignificant and/or FP alarms range from 80-99%(9, 10). Another study done showed the PPV to be as low as 27%(11). This contributes to staff not being aware of the alarms (desensitization), mistrust in the alarms and not responding to them(3, 9). As stated earlier, 566 alarm related deaths were reported to FDA from 2005 to 2008(8). Alarms can be induced by patient motion, which further contributes to false alarms(12). These cases can be avoided by staff silencing the alarms for a set period of time prior to moving the patient(11). Due to the high FP rate of alarms, the more reliable the alarm is (i.e. how well it predicts true alarm), the higher the response will be from staff(9). Also, the factors that determine response can be divided into: intrinsic to the alarm itself and extrinsic. Internal factors are whether alarm continues to sound or it ceases to sound soon (i.e. alarm duration). Also, the more ‘rare’ or unlikely for an alarm to go off, the more it would warrant a response. The limits set by the staff for the alarm may not be appropriate for the given patient resulting in having too many alarms that are not actionable(5). Extrinsic factors to an alarm are: work load, task complexity, patient condition. The higher the workload or task complexity, HP’s have a lower tendency to react to it. The opposite is true for the more severe the patient’s condition is(3, 9). Solutions proposed to improve response and understanding: To reduce the high FP rate, and ultimately, improve alarm response, different solutions have been proposed in the literature. Since alarms often self-correct, by adding a delay time to the alarms before they sound can reduce the number of alarms themselves(11). ‘Smart Alarms’ can be introduced that have algorithms in place that will alert only if it is a true alarm(9). These systems take trends into account as opposed to raw data itself. Increasing the ‘volume’ of alarms higher than environment was recommended (as opposed to having a fixed dB level for an alarm sound)(13). This is supported by the fact that sound may not be heard due to: room doors closed, events such as noise produced by machines that clean the floors(14). It is further supported by the fact that most hospitals have exceeded the noise levels recommended by WHO, and as such, the volume of the alarm should be customized to the environment to ensure it is heard(15). However, other literature f avours different modalities of alarms (i.e. visual or vibrating), since the noise contributes to symptoms in staff such as fatigue and concentration problems(16). Standardization of alarm sounds would decrease the number of alarm sounds the HP’s have to ‘learn’(17). Another solution proposed has been to have a central notification centre as opposed to a staff monitoring patient(s)when their alarms go off, which was reported to be advantageous. Alarm limits should be changed to levels by HP’s taking into account: if the alarm goes off, it will require some sort of clinical action, and the patient’s specific condition(s)(9). This is in contrast to when HP’s do not change limits and keep to default levels set by manufacturer, which are set to different values depending on the country (18). Customizing limits will decrease the alarm load and increase sensitivity to alarms by healthcare staff(18). Ongoing training should be provided to the staff with an aim to have the training environment as closely simulating the real clinical environment as possible(9). Training in the form of showing staff how to troubleshoot alarms should also be implemented. Alarms that have built in ‘intelligent system’ to assist in troubleshooting have shown to be beneficial. In a simulated environment, intelligent alarms helped the anaesthetists solve various breathing circuit faults 62% faster (45 sec to 17 sec)(19). DISCUSSION: Pros and Cons of Literature: There is evidence in the literature on the potential adverse events of alarms and reasons for such events and the severity of this problem. Solutions to improve understanding were also given. There was no study found that dealt with whether staff understood how to operate the alarms properly and to what extent did this problem exist. Information related to the severity of the problem only indicated a problem in understanding and response. However, there was no mention of whether any of the deaths were due to the HP’s not knowing what buttons to press once the alarm came on (eg did they silence the alarm for too long without knowing). This could be a potential barrier in improving understanding since solutions such as ongoing teaching can not be customized effectively. The review of the literature has only taken data from nurses or doctors, but not both. Therefore, comparisons in understanding between doctors and nurses could not be made. Majority of data and studies was done on nurses. However, this is expected since nurses would’ve interacted with the alarms more frequently than doctors since they are more frequently at the bedside of the patient and are the first to react to any alarms of the patient. Also, no studies have been found to compare understanding between HP’s of different specialties. It would be expected that any critical unit, regardless of specialty, would’ve had the same obstacles to monitor alarm understanding since the reasons for alarm fatigue are the same across the specialties. However, knowing of such studies would yield information about which alarm(s) specifically do the staff understand better or worse? Also, there is a possibility that the understanding diminishes when certain machine alarms are simultaneously on (e.g. ventilator machine as well as monitor alarm). As a result, training could be tailored to each specialty and emphasis placed on areas where their understanding is not sufficient. CONCLUSION: The literature review suggests that the level of monitor alarm understanding and response is not sufficient. Also, this problem of monitor alarm response and understanding is serious and not to be taken lightly. In terms of barriers in response and understanding, they include: too many alarms as well as types, low PPV of alarms, inappropriate limits. Also, no studies have been found that stratify this understanding based on staff (ie doctors or nurses) or specialty (e.g. CCU vs NICU). Moreover, the reasons identified for barriers in understanding of alarms did not appear to be different between doctors and nurses. No studies have been found that assess, specifically, whether the HP knew difference in operating the alarm system itself (ie did they press correct button to silence an alarm). The studies looked at whether they reacted to the alarms and if they did, did they carry out the correct response. Solutions proposed include: incorporating delays, having smart alarms, using different modalities for alarms as well as having continuous teaching. HP’s use alarms as one of the inputs in their decision making process. While alarms are there to alert of any physiological variable crossing a limit (in order to not miss a true event), this leads to the PPV being compromised and as such, the confidence and response to such an alarm decreases. Thus, moving forward, it is essential that strategies are aimed to increase the PPV of alarms, decrease the number of alarms themselves, and incorporate continuous teaching to ensure that the input alarms give holds more weight for the HP in the decision making process. Word Count: 1973 (Excluding abstract and methods) REFERENCES: 1.Insights A. [Online]. 2014 [Nov. 21, 2014]. Available from: http://www.anesthesiainsights.com/news/. 2.Aziz MO. Monitor Alarms (CUMH) discussion with Brian (Biomed) and Prof. C. Ryan (Neonatologist). Monitor Alarms in CUMH ed2014. 3.Bitan Y, Meyer J, Shinar D, Zmora E. Nurses’ reactions to alarms in a neonatal intensive care unit. Cogn Tech Work. 2004 2004/11/01;6(4):239-46. English. 4.Drew BJ, Harris P, Zegre-Hemsey JK, Mammone T, Schindler D, Salas-Boni R, et al. Insights into the problem of alarm fatigue with physiologic monitor devices: a comprehensive observational study of consecutive intensive care unit patients. PloS one. 2014;9(10):e110274. PubMed PMID: 25338067. Pubmed Central PMCID: Pmc4206416. Epub 2014/10/23. eng. 5.Schmid F, Goepfert MS, Kuhnt D, Eichhorn V, Diedrichs S, Reichenspurner H, et al. The wolf is crying in the operating room: patient monitor and anesthesia workstation alarming patterns during cardiac surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2011 Jan;112(1):78-83. PubMed PMID: 20966440. Epub 2010/10/23. eng. 6.Institute E. Health Devices: 2010 TOP 10 TECHNOLOGY HAZARDS. US. 7.Institute E. Health Devices: TOP 10 HEALTH TECHNOLOGY HAZARDS FOR 2014. US: ECRI Institute, 2013. 8.(FDA) FaDA. FDA Patient Safety News: Show #106, January 2011: Alarming Monitor Problems. January 2011. Report No. 9.Cvach M. Monitor alarm fatigue: an integrative review. Biomedical instrumentation technology / Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. 2012 Jul-Aug;46(4):268-77. PubMed PMID: 22839984. Epub 2012/07/31. eng. 10.Lawless ST. Crying wolf: false alarms in a pediatric intensive care unit. Critical care medicine. 1994 Jun;22(6):981-5. PubMed PMID: 8205831. Epub 1994/06/01. eng. 11.Gorges M, Markewitz BA, Westenskow DR. Improving alarm performance in the medical intensive care unit using delays and clinical context. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2009 May;108(5):1546-52. PubMed PMID: 19372334. Epub 2009/04/18. eng. 12.Chambrin MC, Ravaux P, Calvelo-Aros D, Jaborska A, Chopin C, Boniface B. Multicentric study of monitoring alarms in the adult intensive care unit (ICU): a descriptive analysis. Intensive care medicine. 1999 Dec;25(12):1360-6. PubMed PMID: 10660842. Epub 2000/02/08. eng. 13.Minoru H, Eiji S, Mototake T, Kenichi K, Hirosuke K, Satoshi W. Characteristics of Auditory Alarms for Medical Equipment and Future Issues. Journal of Clinical Engineering. 2005;30(4):208-. 14.Sobieraj J, Ortega C, West I, Voepel L, Battle S, Robinson D. Audibility of patient clinical alarms to hospital nursing personnel. Military medicine. 2006 Apr;171(4):306-10. PubMed PMID: 16673744. Epub 2006/05/06. eng. 15.McLaren E, Maxwell-Armstrong C. Noise pollution on an acute surgical ward. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2008 Mar;90(2):136-9. PubMed PMID: 18325214. Pubmed Central PMCID: Pmc2443309. Epub 2008/03/08. eng. 16.Ryherd EE, Waye KP, Ljungkvist L. Characterizing noise and perceived work environment in a neurological intensive care unit. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2008 Feb;123(2):747-56. PubMed PMID: 18247879. Epub 2008/02/06. eng. 17.Phillips J, Barnsteiner JH. Clinical alarms: improving efficiency and effectiveness. Critical care nursing quarterly. 2005 Oct-Dec;28(4):317-23. PubMed PMID: 16239820. Epub 2005/10/22. eng. 18.Block FE, Jr., Nuutinen L, Ballast B. Optimization of alarms: a study on alarm limits, alarm sounds, and false alarms, intended to reduce annoyance. Journal of clinical monitoring and computing. 1999 Feb;15(2):75-83. PubMed PMID: 12578080. Epub 2003/02/13. eng. 19.Westenskow DR, Orr JA, Simon FH, Bender HJ, Frankenberger H. Intelligent alarms reduce anesthesiologists response time to critical faults. Anesthesiology. 1992 Dec;77(6):1074-9. PubMed PMID: 1466459. Epub 1992/12/01. eng.